On December 11, 2025, Law No. 146/2025/QH15 was approved, amending and supplementing several articles of 15 laws in the fields of agriculture and environment, including the Law on Environmental Protection 2020, as amended and supplemented in 2022, 2023, and 2024. Law No. 146 was promulgated to address shortcomings in the applicable legal framework governing agricultural and environmental sectors, simultaneously simplifying administrative procedures and amending provisions on authorization to align with reforms in the state apparatus organization.

On August 20, 2025, the Politburo issued Resolution 70-NQ/TW on ensuring national energy security through 2030, with a vision to 2045. In order to achieve the objectives of firmly ensuring national energy security as the foundation and crucial prerequisite for national development, the Politburo has identified seven key task and solution groups to be implemented, of which strongly encouraging private sector’s participation in energy development.

On October 4, 2024, the Government issued Decree 123/2024/ND-CP regulating sanctions for administrative violations in the land sector (Decree 123). This Decree is issued to ensure consistency with several provisions of the Law on Land 2024 and to overcome several difficulties and obstacles in the implementation of Decree 91/2019/ND-CP on sanctions for administrative violations in the land sector.

On April 16, 2024, the Government issued Decree No. 42/2024/ND-CP providing detailed regulations on sea encroachment activities (Decree 42). This Decree is formulated and promulgated with the aim of providing detailed guidelines for Article 190 of the Law on Land 2024 and applies to agencies, organizations, and individuals involved in sea encroachment activities, except for activities serving national defense and security purposes.

On February 5, 2024, the Ministry of Finance promulgated Circular 10/2024/TT-BTC stipulating the collection rate, regime of collection, payment, management and use of the fees for appraisal and assessment of mineral reserves and charges for licensing mineral activities (Circular 10), replacing Circular 191/2016/TT-BTC and Circular 91/2021/TT-BTC. Circular 10 takes effect from March 21, 2024.

On January 18, 2024, the National Assembly promulgated Law on Land No. 31/2024/QH15 (Land Law 2024), which takes effect from January 1, 2025. The Land Law 2024 has many outstanding amendments and supplements that address the limitations of the previous law. This article analyzes some typical contents of this Law related to the operation of real estate and energy businesses, which are researched and contributed by lawyers of NHQuang&Associates during the development of the Land Law 2024.